Evaluation of screening methods for anthracnose fruit rot resistance in chilli (Capsicum spp.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2037Keywords:
Anthracnose, chilli , pin-prick, non-wounding spray, Colletotrichum truncatum, C. gloeosporiodesAbstract
Anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious production constraint causing severe marketable yield loss in chilli. Field evaluation of chilli accessions for resistance to Colletotrichum spp. depends on various factors affecting disease expression such as edaphic conditions, temperature, rainfall, humidity and other variables that are difficult to control, therefore considered less accurate. Also, high chances of cross contamination with different Colletotrichum species leads to inconclusive assays for specific pathogen species and isolate. To identify a stable and reliable screening method, various chilli accessions were subjected to in vitro pin-prick and non-wounding spray methods using a specific pathogen isolates. When chilli accessions were screened against C. gloeosporioides isolate ‘IHRCg-1’, the in vitro pin- prick method showed positive correlation with the non- wounding spray method, except in the accession PBC80. The change in bioassay influenced the disease reaction pattern in the accession PBC 80, probably the pin pricks break the basal cuticle defense mechanism that was retained in spray inoculation method indicating varied resistance pattern. However, in the accession PBC 81 stable resistance pattern was observed against isolates of both species viz., C. truncatum ‘IIHR Ct-1’ and C. gloeosporioides ‘IIHR Cg-1’ and in the accession PBC 80 against C. truncatum ‘IIHR Ct-1’ in both the inoculation methods that depicted the expression of resistance genes during both methods of inoculation. Based on disease development pattern, the red ripe chilli expressed a variant reaction to infection by C. truncatum and C. gloeosporioides. The peak anthracnose infection at 10 DAI and 14 DAI is an accurate duration to record ‘IIHR Cg-1’ and ‘IIHR Ct-1’ infection, respectively on chilli ripe fruit for assaying the resistance.
Downloads
References
AVRDC. (1999). Off-season tomato, pepper & eggplant. In AVRDC Report 1998 (Eds.), Annual Report (pp. 20-30). Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
Chowdappa, P., Chethana, C. S., & Pavani, K. V. (2015). Colletotrichum siamense & C. truncatum are responsible for severe outbreaks of anthracnose on onion in southwest India. Journal of Plant Pathology, 97(1), 77-86. doi:10.4454/JPP.V97I1.015
FAOSTAT. (2021). Food & Agriculture Statistics. (2021). (Accessed on 25 April 2023). Available from: http://faostat.fao.org
Galvan, G. (2010). Screening onions & related species for resistance to Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). In IAEA (Eds.), Mass Screening Techniques for Selecting Crops Resistant to Disease (pp 309-319). International Atomic Energy Agency.
Garg, R., Kumar, S., Kumar, R., Loganathan, M., Saha, S., Kumar, S., & Roy, B. K. (2013). Novel source of resistance & differential reactions on chilli fruit infected by Colletotrichum capsici. Australasian Plant Pathology, 42(2), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-012-0194-7
Katoch, A., Sharma, P. & Sharma, P. N. (2017). Identification of Colletotrichum spp. Associated with fruit rot of Capsicum annuum in North Western Himalayan region of India using fungal DNA barcode markers. Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 26(2), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-016-0384-4
Kim, B. S., Park. H. K., & Lee, W. S. (1989). Resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) in pepper. In Tomato & pepper production in the Tropics (pp 184–188). Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center.
Kim, S. H., Yoon, J. B., & Park, H. G. (2008a). Inheritance of anthracnose resistance in a new genetic resource, Capsicum baccatum PI594137. Journal of Crop Science & Biotechnology, 11(1), 13-16.
Lakshmesha, K. K., Lakshmidevi, N., & Mallikarjuna, S. A. (2005). Changes in pectinase & cellulose activity of Colletotrichum capsici mutants & their effect on anthracnose disease on Capsicum fruit. Archives of Phytopathology & Plant Protection, 38(4), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235400500094100
Mahasuk, P., Chinthaisong, J. & Mongkolporn, O. (2013). Differential resistances to anthracnose in Capsicum baccatum as responding to two Colletotrichum pathotypes & inoculation methods. Breeding Science, 63(3), 333-338. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.63.333
Mishra, R., Rout, E., & Joshi, R. K. (2019). Identification of resistant sources against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum truncatum & Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Capsicum annuum L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 89, 517-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-0965-1
Mistry, D. S., Sharma, I. P., & Patel, S. T. (2010). Bio-chemical parameters of chilli fruits as influenced by Colletotrichum capsici (sydow) butler & bisby infection. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(4), 586-587.
Mongkolporn, O., & Taylor, P. W. J. (2018). Chili anthracnose: Colletotrichum taxonomy & pathogenicity. Plant Pathology, 67(6), 1255-1263. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12850
Mongkolporn, O., Montri, P., Supakaew, T., & Taylor, P. W. (2010). Differential reactions on mature green & ripe chili fruit infected by three Colletotrichum spp. Plant Disease, 94(3), 306-310. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0306
Montri, P., Taylor, P. W. J., & Mongkolporn, O. (2009). Pathotypes of Colletotrichum capsici, the causal agent of chili anthracnose, in Thail &. Plant Disease, 93(1), 17-20. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-93-1-0017
Pedrosa, R. A., Maffia, L.A., Mizubuti, E. S. G., & Brommonschenkel, S. H. (2004). Components of onion resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 29, 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-41582004000600002
Rajapakse, R. G. A. S., & Ranasinghe, J. A. D. A. R. (2002). Development of variety screening method for anthracnose disease of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) under field conditions. Tropical Agricultural Research & Extension, 5(1-2), 7-11. https://dl.nsf.gov.lk/handle/1/7974
Ro, N. Y., Sebastin, R., Hur, O. S., Cho, G. T., Geum, B., Lee, Y. J., & Kang, B. C. (2021). Evaluation of anthracnose resistance in pepper (Capsicum spp.). Genetic Resources Horticulturae, 7(11), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110460
Saini, T. J., Gupta, S. G., & Analakshmi, R. (2017a). Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on chilli in India. NCBI Gene Bank ID: MG204566.
Saini, T. J., Gupta, S. G., & Analakshmi, R. (2017b). Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on chilli in India. NCBI Gene Bank ID: MG282163.
Saxena, A., Raghuwanshi, R., & Singh, H. B. (2014). Molecular, phenotypic & pathogenic variability in Colletotrichum isolates of subtropical region in north eastern India, causing fruit rot of chillies. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117(5), 1422-1434. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/jam.12607
Saxena, A., Raghuwanshi, R., Gupta, V. K., & Singh, H. B. (2016). Chilli anthracnose: the epidemiology & management. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1527. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01527
SB. (2023). Spice Board of India. (Accessed on 12 March 2023) Available from http://www.indianspices.com/spice-catalog/chilli-1.html
Sharma, P. N., Kaur, M., Sharma, O. P., Sharma, P., & Pathania, A. (2005). Morphological, pathological & molecular variability in Colletotrichum capsici, the cause of fruit rot of chillies in the subtropical region of north western India. Journal of Phytopathology, 153(4), 232-237. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00959.x
Souza, L. C. S., Assis, L. A. G., de Moraes Catarino, A., & Hanada, R. E. (2019). Screening of chilli pepper genotypes against anthracnose (Colletotrichum brevisporum). Emirates Journal of Food & Agriculture, 919-929. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i12.2039
Susheela, K. (2012). Evaluation of screening methods for anthracnose disease in chilli. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 18(2), 188-193.
Suwor, P., Thummabenjapone, P., Sanitchon, J., Kumar, S., & Techawongstien, S. (2015). Phenotypic & genotypic responses of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) progressive lines with different resistant genes against anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum spp.). European Journal of Plant Pathology, 25-736. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0723-7
White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. J. W. T., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification & direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods & applications, 18(1), 315-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 B Vanlalneihi, Radha P L, Subbaraman Sriram, Kambham Madhavi Reddy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright. Articles published are made available as open access articles, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 
This journal permits and encourages authors to share their submitted versions (preprints), accepted versions (postprints) and/or published versions (publisher versions) freely under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable.
How to Cite
. 
