Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on quality of minimally processed fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) microgreens

K Ranjitha; Y Mhasizotuo; K R Vasudeva; D V Sudhakar Rao; K S Shivashankara; T K Roy

doi:10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2086

Authors

K Ranjitha ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560089, Karnataka, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6643
Y Mhasizotuo University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot - 587104, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-2938
K R Vasudeva University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot - 587104, India Author
D V Sudhakar Rao ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560089, Karnataka, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4622-9348
K S Shivashankara ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560089, Karnataka, India Author
T K Roy ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560089, Karnataka, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i2.2086

Keywords:

fenugreek, passive modified atmosphere packaging, vitamin, semi-permeable films

Abstract

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) microgreens is an underutilized vegetable with limited shelf life having good source of antioxidants, carotenoid as well as vitamins. The study deals with nutritional quality and optimization of a suitable passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for improving the shelf life of fenugreek microgreens in its minimally processed form (MPFM) at 8^oC Semipermeable plastic films viz., low density polyethylene, polypropylene, Cryovac PD 961® and stretchable PVC cling film with varying thickness were evaluated as packaging materials to obtain different MAP composition inside MPFM packages. Packaging of MPFM in 40 μm thick polypropylene film resulted in development of in-pack equilibrium MA with 10-14% oxygen and 5-8% carbon dioxide during storage. This in-pack MA maintained ‘fresh-like’ sensory properties, biochemical and nutritional quality in MPFM till 15 days of storage. Significant loss of B vitamins was recorded in all packages during low temperature storage. Packaging in 40 μm thick polypropylene film retained B vitamins significantly better than other semipermeable films. Low temperature storage in modified atmosphere conditions enhanced vitamin E content in MPFM. The outcome of the study will benefit the entrepreneurs and retailers for distant transport and storage of fenugreek microgreens in commercial open chillers maintained in supermarkets in their ready-to-cook form.

Author Biography

Y Mhasizotuo, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot - 587104, India

MSc Student (2017-19), University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot

References

Benzie, I. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76.

Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. (2001). Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. National Academy of Medicine.

Haskin, H. H. (1942). A spectrophotometric method for the analysis of chloroplast pigments. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 144, 149-160.

Havaux, M., Eymery, F., Porfirova, S., Rey, P., & Dormann, P. (2005). Vitamin E protects against photoinhibition and photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell, 17(12), 3451-3469.

Hounsome, N., Hounsome, B., Tomos, D., & Edwards-Jones, G. (2009). Changes in antioxidant compounds in white cabbage during winter storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 52(2), 173-179.

Kader, A. A., & Watkins, C. B. (2001). Modified atmosphere packaging—toward 2000 and beyond. Horticultural Technology 10, 483. 486.

Kobayashi, N., & DellaPenna, D. (2008). Tocopherol metabolism, oxidation and recycling under high light stress in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 55(4), 607-618.

Kotur, S. C. (2014). Influence of fermented cocopeat on seedling vigour in some vegetables, marigold and pigeon pea. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 9(2), 191-195.

Kyriacou, M. C., Rouphael, Y., Di Gioia, F., Kyratzis, A., Serio, F., Renna, M., De Pascale & Santamaria, P. (2016). Micro-scale vegetable production and the rise of microgreens. Trends in Food science and Technology, 57, 103-115.

Lester, G. E., Makus, D. J., & Hodges, D. M. (2010). Relationship between fresh-packaged spinach leaves exposed to continuous light or dark and bioactive contents: effects of cultivar, leaf size, and storage duration. Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry, 58(5), 2980-2987.

Martínez-Sánchez, A., Tudela, J. A., Luna, C., Allende, A., & Gil, M. I. (2011). Low oxygen levels and light exposure affect quality of fresh-cut Romaine lettuce. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59(1), 34-42.

Mir, S. A., Shah, M. A., & Mir, M. M. (2017). Microgreens: Production, shelf life, and bioactive components. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(12), 2730-2736.

Pinto, E., Almeida, A. A., Aguiar, A. A. & Ferreira, I. M. (2015). Comparison between the mineral profile and nitrate content of microgreens and mature lettuces. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 37: 38-43.

Ranjitha, K., Rao, D. S., Shivashankara, K. S., & Roy, T. K. (2018). Integrating calcium chloride treatment with polypropylene packaging improved the shelf life and retained the quality profile of minimally processed cabbage. Food Chemistry, 256, 1-10.

Santos, J., Mendiola, J. A., Oliveira, M. B., Ibáñez, E., & Herrero, M. (2012). Sequential determination of fat-and water-soluble vitamins in green leafy vegetables during storage. Journal of Chromatography A, 1261, 179-188.

Sharma, S., Shree, B., Sharma, D., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Sharma, R. & Saini, R. (2022). Vegetable microgreens: The gleam of next generation super foods, their genetic enhancement, health benefits and processing approaches. Food Research International, 155, 111038.

Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic- phospho tungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3), 144-158.

Soltani, M., Alimardani, R., Mobli, H. & Mohtasebi, S.S. (2015). Modified atmosphere packaging: a progressive technology for shelf-life extension of fruits and vegetables. Journal of Applied Packaging Research, 7(3), 2.

Turner, E.R., Luo, Y. & Buchanan, R.L. (2020). Microgreen nutrition, food safety, and shelf life: A review. Journal of Food Science, 85(4), 870-882.

Xiao, Z., Lester, G. E., Luo, Y., & Wang, Q. (2012). Assessment of vitamin and carotenoid concentrations of emerging food products: edible microgreens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(31), 7644-7651.

Xiao, Z., Luo, Y., Lester, G.E., Kou, L., Yang, T. & Wang, Q. (2014). Postharvest quality and shelf life of radish microgreens as impacted by storage temperature, packaging film, and chlorine wash treatment. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 55(2),551-558.