Onion and Garlic Research in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v4i2.527Keywords:
Onion, Garlic, Improvement, BiotechnologyAbstract
Onion and garlic research in India has produced 45 open-pollinated and two F1 hybrids in onion and approximately 25 varieties in garlic. Red onion is used for domestic consumption and export while the white onion is used mostly for processing. Improvement in garlic has been largely through clonal selection and mutation breeding. Somaclonal variations for development of varieties have not been used till now. Research on biotechnology for crop improvement in onion and garlic in India is in a nascent stage. While research on crop production has seen tremendous improvement, research on organic production and precision farming, good agricultural practices and mechanization needs to be carried out in future. Similarly, studies on plant protection have identified researchable issues for future work. This paper gives a brief overview of onion and garlic research scenario in India and technologies needed to be developed and practiced.
References
Abd El Moneem, K.M.H., Fawaz, S.B.M., Saeed, F.A. and El Shehaby, A.I. 2005. Effect of clove size and certain micronutrients on Fusarium & basal rot of garlic. Assiut J. Agril. Sciences, 36:163-175
Abdallah, 1998. Improving vegetable transplants using soil solarization. II. Onion (Allium cepa). Ann. of Agril Sci., Special Issue, Volume 3:831-843
Abdel A.S.M and Haroun, M.S.1990. Efficiency of some herbicides on weed control and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.). Egyptian J. Agron., 15:35-44
Aghora, T.S. and Pathak, C.S. 1991. Heterosis and combining ability in a line x tester cross of onion (Allium cepa L.). Veg. Sci., 18:53-58
Ahir, R.P. and Maharishi R.P. 2008. Effect of preharvest application of fungicides and biocontrol agent on black
mold (Aspergillus niger) of onion in storage. Ind. Phytopath., 61:130–131
Ahlawat, Y.S. 1974. A mosaic disease of garlic in Darjeeling Hills. Sci. and Cul., 40:466-467
Ahmad Shabeer and Karimullah, 1998. Relevance of management practices in downy mildew in onion. Sarhad J. Agri., 14:161-162
Ahmed, H.G., Magaji, M.D., Yakutu A.I., Aliyu, L. and Singh, A.2007. Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to irrigation interval and clove size in semi-arid Nigeria. J. Pl. Sci., 2:202-208
Al Zahim, M., Newbury, H.J. and Ford Lloyd, B.V. 1997. Classification of genetic variation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) revealed by RAPD. Hort. Sci., 32:1102-1104
Al Zahim, M., Newbury, H.J. and Ford Lloyd, B.V. 1999. Detection of somaclonal variation in garlic (Allium sativum L.) using RAPD and cytological analysis. Plant Cell Rep., 18:473-477
Alam, M.S.M., Rahim, A. and Anwar, H.R.M.M.2000. Effect of planting time and clove size on the growth and yield of garlic. Bangladesh J. Trg. and Devt.13:1-2
Altaf, H.H., Muhammad, S., Khan. J., Muhammad, I. and Khan, S. 1999. Effects of non- chemical methods and botanical insecticides on onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) in onion crop in Balochistan. Sarhad J. Agri., 15:619-624
Anand, J.C. 1972. The quality of vegetables for processing. Ind. Food Packer, 26:62-64
Ankur, V, Nandal T.R. Ravinder Singh and Vermani A, Singh R.2002. Nutrient uptake and economic weed management in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Ind. J. Weed Sci. 33:3-4
Anonymous, 1986. Annual Report, Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Govt. of India, p. 47.
Anonymous, 2010. National Horticultural and Research Development Foundation (NHRDF) Database. Available at http://www.nhrdf.com/Content Page.asp?ResultCode=303
Arguello, J.A, Alicia ledesma, SelvaB.Nunez, Carlos and Maria del Diaz.2006. Vermicompost effects on bulbing dynamics, non-structural carbohydrate content, yield and quality of garlic bulbs. Hortsci., 41:589-592
Arya, M., Barnwal, V.K., Ahlawat, Y.S. and Singh, L. 2006. RT-PCR detection and molecular characterization of
onion yellow dwarf virus associated with garlic and onion Curr. Sci., 91:1230-1234
Arya, P.S. and Bakshi, B.R. 1999. Onion based cropping systems studies under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Adv. Horti. Forestry. 6:79-85
Asha Devi, A. and Khar, A. 2000. Preliminary studies on in vitro regeneration from flower bud explants of onion
(Allium cepa L.). In: Proceedings of National Symposium on Onion-Garlic production and post harvest management challenges and strategies, Maharashtra, p.194
Assuncao, I.P., Coclho, R.S.B., Lima, G.S., de-A., Lima, J.A.S. and Tavares, S.C.C., 1999. Reaction of onion cultivators to isolates of Collectotrichum gloeosporioides from sub medio San Francisco Region, Brazil. Summa Phytopathologica, 25:205-209
Aswath, C.R., Mo, S.Y., Kim, D.H. and Park, S.W. 2006. Agrobacterium and biolistic transformation of onion using non-antibiotic selection marker phosphomannose isomerase. Plant Cell Rep., 25: 92-99
Ayabe, M. and Sumi, S. 1998. Establishment of a novel tissue culture method, stem disc culture, and its practical application to micropropagation of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Pl. Cell Rep., 17:773-779
Baghalian, K., Naghavi, M.R., Ziai, S.A. and Badi, H.N. 2006. Post-planting evaluation of morphological characters and allicin content in Iranian garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes. Scientia Hort., 107:405-410
Baghalian, K., Sanei, M.R., Naghavi, M.R., Khalighi, A. and Badi, H.A.N. 2005. Post-culture evaluation of morphological divergence in Iranian garlic ecotypes. Acta Hort., 688:123-128
Bajaj, K.L., Kaur, G. and Singh, T. 1979. Lachrymatory factor and other chemical constituents of some varieties of onion. J. Plant Food. 3:119-203.
Balasubramayam,V.R.A, Dhake, V. and Moitra, P.2000. Micro Irrigation and fertigation of V-12 Onion. International conference on micro and sprinkler irrigation systems held at Jalgaon (Abstr. p.77)
Barandiaran, X., Di Petro A. and Matin, J. 1998. Biolistic transfer and expression of a uid A reporter gene in different tissues of Allium sativum L. Plant Cell Rep., 17 : 737-741
Bark, O.H., Havey, M.J. and Corgan, J.N. 1994. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of progeny from an Allium fistulosum x A. cepa hybrid. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 119:1046-1049
Barnwal M.K. and Prasad, S.M. 2005. Influence of date of sowing on Stemphylium blight disease. J. Res., Birsa Agriculture University, 17:63-67
Barnwal M.K. Prasad, S.M. and Maiti, D. 2003. Efficacy of fungicides and bioagents against Stemphylium blight of onion. Ind. Phytopath., 56:291-292
Barnwal, M.K., Prasad, S.M. and Kumar, S. 2006. Cost effective fungicidal management of Stemphylium blight of onion. J. Res., Birsa Agricultural University, 18:153-155
Bertaccini, A., Botti, S., Tabanelli, D., Dradi, G., Fogher, C., Previati, A. and Re, F. da. 2004. Micropropagation and establishment of mite-borne virus-free garlic (Allium sativum). Acta Hort., 631:201-206
Bhagchandani, P.M., Netrapal, Singh, N. and Choudhary, B. 1980. White onion for dehydration. Ind. Horticulture, 24:2
Bhangale, G.T. and Joi, M.B. 1983. Role of thrips in development of purple blotch of onion. J. Maharashtra Agril. Uni., 8:299-300
Bhonde S.R., Sharam, S.B. and Chougale, A.B.1997. Effect of biofertilzer in combination with nitrogen through organic sources on yield and quality of onion. NHRDF News lett. XVII, 2:1-3
Bhonde, B.R, Srivastava, K.J and Singh, K.N.1987. Effect of different age of seedlings and date of transplanting on yield and quality of onion during rabi season. Annual Report. Associated Agricultural Foundation, Nahik
Bieri, M., Zwygart, F., Tognina, G. and Stadler, G. 1989. The importance of soil water content for the biological control of Thrips tabaci Lind. on cucumbers in greenhouse. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaften, 62:28
Bohanec, B. and Jakse, M. 1993. Variations in gynogenic response among long day onion (Allium cepa L.) accessions. Pl. Cell Rep., 18:737-742
Bradley, K.F., Rieger, M.A. and Collins, G.G. 1996. Classification of Australian garlic cultivars by DNA fingerprinting. Aust. J. Exptl. Agri., 36:613-618
Brar, K.S., Sidhu, A.S. and Chadha, M.L. 1993. Screening onion varieties for resistance to Thrips tabaci Lind. and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). J. Insect Sci., 6:123-124
Brar, P.S and S.P.S. Gill. 2000. Effect of clove size on yield of garlic. Haryana J. of Hortl. Sci., 29:1-2
Buso, G.S.C., Paiva, M.R., Torres, A.C., Resende, F.V., Ferreira, M.A., Buso, J.A. and Dusi, A.N. 2008. Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic clover production. Genet. and Mole. Res., 7:534-541
Campion, B., Falavigna, A., Soressi, G.P. and Schiavi, M. 1985. Efforts for in vitro androgenesis in onion (Allium cepa L.). Genetica Agraria., 39: 315
Campion, B., Perri E., Azzimonti, M.T., Vicini, E. and Schiavi, M. 1995. Spontaneous and induced chromosome doubling in gynogenic lines of onion (Allium cepa L.). Plant Breed., 114:243-246
Cho, K., Eckel,C.S., Walgenbach, J.F. and Kennedy, G.G. 1995. Comparison of coloured sticky traps for monitoring thrips populations (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in stacked tomato fields. J. Ent. Sci., 30: 176-190
Chopade, S.O, Bansode, P.N and Hiwase, S.S .1998. Studies on fertilizer and water management to onion. PKV Res. J., 22: 44-46
Conci, V.C., Perotto, M.C., Cafrune, E. and Lunello,P. 2005. Program for intensive production of virus-free garlic plants. Acta Hort., 688: 195-200
Corgan, J. and Holland, M. 1993. “NuMex Starlite” onion. HortScience, 28: 66-67
Dang, J.K. and Gupta, P.C. 1984. Chemical control of storage rot of onion bulbs caused by Fusarium solani. Haryana Agric. Uni. J. Res,. 15: 403-407
Darshan Singh, D., Sidhu, A.S., Thakur, J.C. and Singh, D. 1986. Relative resistance of onion and garlic cultivars to Thrips tabaci Lind. J. Res. Punjab Agril. Uni., 23: 424-427
Dhiman J.S., Chadha, M.L. and Sidhu, A.S. 1986. Studies on the reaction of onion genotypes against purple blotch. Veg. Sci., 13:304-309
Dhingra, K.L. and Nariane, T.K. 1963. A virus disease of onion. Ind. Phytopath., 16:311-312
Diraviam, J. and Uthamasamy, S. 1992. A new sampling technique involving yellow sticky traps for monitoring
thrips infesting different crops. J .Ento. Res., 16:78-81
Dunstan, D.I. and Short, K.C. 1978. Shoot production from onion callus tissue cultures. Sci. Hort., 9:99-110
Eady, C.C., Weld, R.J. and Lister, C.E. 2000. Agrobacterium mediated transformation and transgenic plant regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.). Pl. Cell Rep., 19:376-381
Eady, C.C., Kamoi, T., Kato, M., Porter, N. G., Davis, S., Shaw, M., Kamoi, A. and Imai S. 2 0 0 8 . Silencing Onion Lachrymatory Factor Synthase Causes a Significant Change in the S u l f u r Secondary Metabolite Profile. Plant Physio., 147:2096-2106.
Ebaneb, A.C. 1980. Onion twister disease caused by Glomerella cingulata in North Nigeria. Plant Disease, 64:1030-1032
El Gendi, S.M. 1998. Population fluctuation of Thrips tabaci Lind. on onion plants under Fayoum environmental conditions. Arab Univ. J. Agril. Sci., 6:267-276
Etoh, T. 1986. Fertility of the garlic clones collected in Soviet Central Asia. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci., 55:312-319
Etoh, T. and Simon, P.W. 2002. Diversity, fertility and seed production of garlic. In: Rabinowitch, H.D., Currah, L. (Eds.), Allium Crop Science : Recent advances. CABI Publishing, New York, pp.101-117
Etoh, T., Watanabe, H. and Iwai, S. 2001. RAPD variation of garlic clones in the center of origin and the westernmost area of distribution. Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagoshima University, 37:21-27
Fajardo, T.V.M., Torres, A.C., Buso, J.A., Avila, A.C., and Resende, R.O.2002. Yield and bulb quality of virus- free garlic. Summa Phytopathologica. 28:207-210
FAOSTAT. 2010. Available at: http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections?subset=agriculture
Fellner, M. and Havranek, P. 1994. Culture of protoplasts isolated from leaves and callus cultures of Allium sativum and Allium longicuspis: a preliminary report. Biologisches-Zentralblatt, 113:317-328
Fernandez, S.A. and Lucena, C. 1990. Evaluation of the effect of different coloured sticky traps in attracting Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Agronomia Tropical Maracay, 40:4-6
Figliuolo, G. and Stefano, D.di. 2007. Is single bulb producing garlic Allium sativum or Allium ampeloprasum? Scientia Hort., 114:243-249
Figliuolo, G; Candido, V., Logozzo, G., Miccolis, V. and Zeuli, P.L.S. 2001. Genetic evaluation of cultivated garlic germplasm (Allium sativum L. and A. ampeloprasum L.). Euphytica, 121:325-334
Fischer, D. and Bachmann, K. 2000. Onion microsatellites for germplasm analysis and their use in assessing intra- and interspecific relatedness within the subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor Appl Genet., 101:153-164
Fournier, Francois, Guy Boivin, and Robin Stewart. 1995. Effect of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on yellow onion yields and economic thresholds for its management. Entom. Soc. Amer., 88:1401-1407
Fritsch, R.M. and Friesen, N. 2002. Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. Allium Crop Science : Recent advances. CABI Publishing, New York, pp.5-30
Gangloff, J.L. 1999. Population dynamics and insecticide resistance of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in onion. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Gargi, and Roy, A.N. 1988. Prevention and control of some post harvest fungal disease of garlic bulbs. Pesticides, 22:11-15
Gent, D.H, Schwartz, H.R. and Khosla, R. 2004. Distribution and incidence of IYSV in Colarado and its relation to onion plant population and yield. Pl. Dis., 88:446-452
Girija, G., Pathak, C.S. and Gowda, R.V. 1998. Reaction of onion lines to basal rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. PKV Res. J., 22:53-54
Gokce, A.F., McCallum, J., Sato, Y. and Havey, M.J. 2002. Molecular tagging of the Ms locus in onion. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 127:576-582
Gonclaves, P.A.S. 1997. Seasonal fluctuation of thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind., on onion in Ituporanga, Santa Catarina. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, 26:365-369
Goto R and Kimoto T.1992. Effect of different organic fertilizers on productivity of summer onion. Hotl. Brasileria, 10:114-115
Gupta, N.K. and Ganeshe, R.K. 2000. Response of borax and zinc sulphate on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Adv. Pl. Sci., 13:237-239
Gupta, R.B.L. and Pathak, V.K. 1987. Management of purple blotch Alternaria porri (Ellis:) Clif. of onion by summer ploughing and alteration of date of sowing. Z. Microbiol., 142:163-166
Gupta, R. B. L. and Pathak, V. N. 1988. Induction of sporulation in Alternaria porri in vitro. Curr. Sci.,57: 102
Gupta, R.P. and Pandey, U.B. 1986a. Stemphylium blight of onion. Ind. Hortic., 31:13
Gupta, R.P. and Pandey, U. B. 1986b. Viral and mycoplasmal diseases of onion in India. Ind. J. Virol., 2:111-113
Gupta, R.P. and Sharma, R.C. 1998. Effect of new insecticide/biopesticides on control of onion thrips. News Letter, Natl. Hortl. Res. Found., 18:5-7
Gupta, R.P. and Srivastava, P.K., 1992. Studies on the onion storage diseases in Indian, AADF Newslett., 12:1-13
Gupta, R.P., Srivastava, P.K. and Pandey, U.B. 1983. Efficacy of fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, incitant of basal rot in onion. Pesticides, 17:16
Gupta, R.P., Srivastava, P.K. and Pandey, U.B. 1986. Control of purple blotch of onion seed crop. Indian Phytopath., 39:303-304
Gupta, R.P., Srivastava, P.K. and Sharma, R.C. 1996a. Chemical control of purple blotch and Stemphylium blight diseases of onion. NHRDF News letter, 16:14-16
Gupta, R.P., Srivastava, P.K. and Sharma, R.C. 1996b. Effect of foliar spray of different fungicides on the control of Stemphylium blight disease and yield of onion bulb. NHRDF News letter, 16:13-15
Hamdy, M.K. and Salem, M.1994. The effect of plantation dates of onion temperature and relative humidity on the population density of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind., in Egypt. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo, 39:417-424
Havey, M.J. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Allium species from restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast genome. Theor Appl Genet., 81:752-757
Hoepting, C.A., Schwartz, H.R. and Pappu, H.R. 2007. First report of Iris Yellow Spot Virus on onion in New York. Pl. Dis., 91:327
Hsu H.C., Hwu, K., Deng, T and Tsao, S. 2006. Study on genetic relationship among Taiwan garlic clones by RAPD markers. J. Taiwan Soc. Hortl. Sci., 52:27-36
Huchette, O., Kahane, R., Auger, J., Arnault, I. and Bellamy, C. 2005. Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the alliin content of garlic bulbs. Acta Hort. 688:93-99
Ipek, M., Ipek, A., Almquist, S.G. and Simon, P.W. 2005. Demonstration of linkage and development of the first low-density genetic map of garlic, based on AFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 110:228-236
Ipek, M., Ipek, A., and Simon, P.W. 2003. Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD markers, and isozymes for diversity assessment of garlic and detection of putative duplicates in germplasm collections. Hort. Sci. 128:246-252
Ipek, M., Ipek, A., and Simon, P.W. 2008. Rapid characterization of garlic clones with locus-specific DNA markers. Sci. Hort., 32:357-362
Izquierdo,H, Gomez, O. 2005. ‘Martinez’, a garlic (Allium sativum L.) clone with a high yield potential and good behavior against diseases. Cultivos-Tropicales. 26:53
Jenderek, M.M. 2004. Development of S1 families in garlic. Acta Hort., 637:203-206
Jenderek, M.M. and Hannan, R.M. 2004. Variation in reproductive characteristics and seed production in the USDA garlic germplasm collection. HortSci., 39:485-488
Jenderek, M.M. and Zewdie, Y. 2005. Within and between family variability for important bulb and plant traits among sexually derived progenies of garlic. HortSci., 40:1234-1236
Jones, H.A. and Davis, G.N. 1944. Inbreeding and heterosis and their relation to the development of new varieties of onions. Tech. Bull. 784, U.S. Dept. Agri. p. 28.
Jones, H.A. and Emsweller, S.L. 1937. A male sterile onion. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortl. Sci., 34:582-585
Joshi, H.C. and Tandon, J.P. 1976. Heterosis for yield and its genetic basis in onion. Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 46:88-92
Kahane, R., Teyssendier de la Serve, B. and Rancillac, B. 1992. Bulbing in long day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultured in vitro: comparison between sugar feeding and light induction. Ann. Bot. 69:551-555
Kalra, C.L., Beerh, J.K., Manan, J.K., Teotia, M.S. and Sharma, T.C. 1986. Studies on influence of cultivars on the quality of dehydrated onion (Allium cepa L.). Ind. Food Packer, 40:20-27
Kamentsky, R., London Shafir, I., Bizerman, M., Khassanov, F., Kik, C. and Rabinowitch, H.D. 2003. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its wild relative from Central Asia : evolution for fertility potential. Proceeding of XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, Canada. Acta Hort.., 673:83-91
Keller, E.R.J. and Korzun, L. 1996. Haploidy in onion (Allium cepa) and other Allium species: 51-75. In In vitro haploid production in higher plants, S.M. Jain, S.K. Sopory, R.E. Veilleux. (Eds.) Vol. 3, Kluwer Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Khar, A., Asha Devi, A. and Lawande, K.E. 2005. Callus culture and regeneration from root tip of garlic (Allium sativum L.). J. Spices Arom. Crops, 14:51-55
Khar, A., Asha Devi, Lawande, K.E., Mahajan, V. and Kulkarni, P.M. 2000. Evaluation of US and Indian commercial hybrids under Indian conditions. Allium Improvement Newslett. 10: 1-2
Khar, A., Asha Devi, A., Mahajan, V. and Lawande, K.E. 2005. Genotype X environment interactions and stability analysis in elite lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.). J. Spices Arom. Crops, 14:21-27
Khar, A., Asha Devi, A., Mahajan, V. and Lawande, K.E. 2006. Genetic divergence analysis in elite lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.). J. Mah. Agri. Univ., 31:52-55
Khar A, Bhutani R.D, Yadav N and Chowdhury V.K. 2005. Effect of explant and genotype on callus culture and regeneration in onion (Allium cepa l.). Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi (Turkey). 18:397-404
Khar, A., Bhutani, R.D. and Yadav, N.R. 2003. In vitro regeneration studies on effect of genotype, explant and media in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Vegetable Sci., 30:138-144
Khar A, Yadav R.C Yadav, N and Bhutani R.D. 2005. Transient GUS expression studies in onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.). Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi (Turkey), 18:301-304
Khar, A., Lawande K.E., and Asha Devi, A. 2008. Analysis of genetic diversity among Indian garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars and breeding lines using RAPD markers. Ind. J. of Genet. Pl. Breed., 68:52-57
Khar, A., Mahajan,V., Devi, A.A. and Lawande, K.E. 2005. Genetical studies in elite lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.). J. Mah. Agri. Univ., 30:277-280
Khare, V.K. and Nema, K.G. 1982. Factors affecting germination of spores of Alternaria porri in vitro and in vivo. Ind. Phytopath., 35:100-103
King, J.J., Brandeen, J., Bark, O., McCallum, J. and Havey, M.J. 1998. A low density genetic map of onion reveals a role for tandem duplication in the evolution of an extremely large diploid genome. Theor. Appl. Genet., 96:52-56
Kofoet, A. and Zinkernagel, V. 1990. Resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) in Allium species. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz, 97:13-23
Kotgirwar, V.V, M.H. Chaudhari, M.M. Damke and B.J.Jadhao.1998. Effect of planting methods and clove size on growth, yield and quality of garlic cv. ‘Godawari’. PKV Res. J., 21:182-184
Koul, A.K., Gohil, R.N. and Langer,A. 1979. Prospects of breeding improved garlic in the light of its genetic and breeding systems. Euphytica, 28:457-464
Koycu, N.D. and Ozer, N. 1997. Determination of seed borne fungi in onion and their transmission to onion sets. Phytoparasitica, 25:25-31
Kubota, S. 1999. Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana against Thrips palmi on musk melons in a greenhouse. In: Procs. Kansai Pl. Prot. Soc., 41:69-70
Kumar, S., Sharma, J.P. Kumar, A. Sarkar, A.K. and Sharma, V.N. 2001. Yield, quality attribute and Pseudomonas bulb rots influenced by nitrogen, boron, potassium and fly ash application in acid soil. In: Recent Trends in Horticultural Research (Eds. Mathura Rai, S. Kumar, Ranvir Singh and V.S.R. Krishna Prasad), Horticultural Society of Chotanagpur, Ranchi, pp. 270- 275
Lallan Singh, Mishra, V.K., Chougule, A.B. and Singh, L.1996.Effect of size of planting material a n d spacing on yield and quality of garlic variety Agrifound White. NHRDF News letter, 16: 3, 1-3;
Lampasona, S.G., Martinez, L., and Burba, J.L. 2003. Genetic diversity among selected A r g e n t i n e a n garlic clones (Allium sativum L.) using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length P olymorphism). Euphytica, 132: 115-119
Larentzaki, K., Shelton, A.M, Musser, F.R., Nault, B.A. and Plate, J. 2007. Overwintering locations and hosts for onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the onion cropping ecosystems in New York. J. Econ. Entomol, 109:1194-1200
Larentzaki, K., Shelton, A.M. and Plate, J. 2008. Kaolin particle film on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) oviposition, feeding and development on onions. A lab and field case study. Crop Production, 27:727-734
Latha, S., Sathyanaryana, N. and Reddy, O.R. 2007. Interception of Embellisia allii in garlic bulbs imported from China. Ind. Phytopath., 60:125-127
Lawande, K.E. 2005. Onion improvement – Present status and future thrust. In: Souvenir, “National Symposium on current trends in onion, garlic, chillies and seed spices- production, marketing and utilization, 25-27 Nov., 2005, pp. 1–11 NRCOG, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra.
Lee, E.M., Ra, S.W., Lee, J.Y., Min, S.R., Song, N.H. and Lee, Y.B. 1988. The effect of growth regulators and the conditions of stock bulb storage on callus growth of garlic in vitro. Res. Rep. Rural Devl. Admn. Hort., 30:90-95
Li, C.H., Li, X.C., Zhao, M.H. and Zhao, J.L. 1995. Studies on the virus free technology of meristem tip and tissue culture in Allium sativum. Acta Agricultura Boreali Sinica, 10: 20-25
Lorbeer, J.W. 1990. Botrytis leaf blight of onion In: Diseases of International Importance Vol. III (Eds: H.S. Chaube, J. Kumar, A.N. Mukhopadhyay and U.S. Singh), Prentice Hall USA. pp. 186-209
Lu, F.M. 1990. Colour preference and using silver mulches to control onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman. Chinese J. Entom., 10:337-342
Lu, Q.Y., Zhou, W.Y. and Dong, Y.Y. 1982. Induction of callus from young leaves of garlic and plantlet regeneration. Acta Hort. Sinica, 9:67-69
MaaB, H.I. and Klaas, M. 1995. Interspecific differentiation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by isozymes and RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 9:89-97
Madalgeri, B.B. and Bojappa, K.M 1986. Heterosis in a diallele cross in onion. Ind. J. Horti. 43:108-111
Maini, S.B., Diwan, B. and Anand, J.C. 1984. Storage behaviour and drying characteristics of commercial cultivars of onion. J. Food Sci. & Tech., 21:417-419
Majumdar, S., Arya, M., Pant, R.P. and Baranwal, V.K. 2007. Shallot Virus X in Indian shallot, new report for India. New Dis. Rep., 15 : 52.
Mani, V.P., Chauhan, V.S., Joshi, H.C. and Tandon, J.P. 1999. Exploiting gene effects for improving bulb yields in onion. Ind. J. Genet. Pl. Breed., 59:511-514
Marikhur, R.K., Dhar, A.K. and Kaw, M.R. 1977. Downy mildew of Allium cepa and its control with fungicides in Kashmir Valley. Ind. Phytopath., 30:576-577
Masuda, K., Hatakeyama, E., Ito, A., Takahashi, S. and Inoue, M. 1994. Micropropagation of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Bull. Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture, 20:43-48
Mathur, K., Gurjar, R.B.S., Sharma. S.N. and Sharma, K 2007. Efficacy of fungicides, Bio-agent and plant extract against pink root rot disease of onion induced by Fusarium solani. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. 37:523- 524
Mathur, K., Sharma, S.N. and Sain, R.S. 2006. Onion variety RO-59 has higher yield and resistance to purple blotch and Stemphylicum blight. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 36:49-51
Maude, R.B. 1989. Seed borne diseases of onion and their control. Onion Newslett. Trop., 1:16-18
Melo-Filho,-P-de-A; Resende,-R-O; Cordeiro,-C-M-T; Buso,-J-A; Torres,-A-C; Dusi,-A-N. 2006. Viral reinfection affecting bulb production in garlic after seven years of cultivation under field conditions. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol., 116:95-101
Mohamed Yasseen, Y., Barringer, S.A. and Splittstoesser, W.E. 1995. In vitro bulb production from Allium spp. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol., 31:51-52
Mohammad, M.J. and Zuraiqi S. 2003. Enhancement of yield and nitrogen and water use efficiencies by nitrogen
drip fertigation of garlic. J. Pl. Nutrition. 26:1749-1766
Mohanty, B.K., Hossain, M.M. and Pruthi, A.M. 2000. Varietal assessment of common onion for horticultural traits during kharif season. Orrisa J. Hort., 28:8-11
Moniz, L. and Bhinde, V.P. 1964. Three new bacterial diseases of plants from Maharastra. Ind. Phytopath., 17:146-153
Moniz, L. and Patel, M.K. 1958. Three new bacterial diseases of plant from Bombay State. Curr. Sci., 27:494-495
Muren, R.C. 1989. Haploid plant induction from unpollinated ovaries in onion. HortSci., 24:833-834
Murphy, B.C., Morisawa, T.A., Newman, J.P., Tjosvold, S.A. and Parrella, M.P. 1998. Fungal pathogen controls thrips in greenhouse flowers. Calif. Agri., 52:32-36
Nabulski, I., Safadi A.I., Mit, B., Ali, N. and Arabi, M.I.E. 2001. Evaluation of some garlic (Allium sativum L.) mutants resistant to white rot disease by RAPD analysis. Ann. Appl. Biol., 138:197-202
Nam S, Choi In, H., Bae S.K. and Bang J.K., 2007. Effect of irrigation level on plant growth and bulb yield during bulb development stage of garlic plants. Korean J. Hortl. Sci. and Tech., 25:169-173
Novak, F.J. 1980. Phenotype and cytological status of plants regenerated from callus cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Pl. Sci. Lett., 34:250-260
Novak, F.J. 1990. Allium tissue culture. In: H.D. Rabinowitch and J.L. Brewster (eds.). Onions and allied crops, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., pp. 234-250
Pal, N. and Singh, N. 1999. Heterosis for yield and storage parameters in onion (Allium cepa). Ind. J. of Agril. Sci., 69:826-829
Palti, J. 1989. Epidemiology, production and control of downy mildew of onion caused by Perasospora destructor. Phytoparasitica, 17:1
Pandey, 1989. Onion (Allium cepa L). Ind. Hort., 33-34:58-62
Pandotra, V.R., 1965. Purple blotch disease of onion in Punjab II: Studies on the life history, viability and infectivity of the causal organism Alternaria porri. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 61:326-330
Panthee, D.R., Regmi, H.N., Subedi, P.P., Bhattarai, S. and Dhakal, J. 2006. Diversity analysis of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm available in Nepal based on morphological characters. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 53:205-212
Paredes, C.M., Becerra, V.V. and Gonzalez, A.M.I. 2008. Low genetic diversity among garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions detected using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Chilean J. Agril. Res., 68:3-12
Park, M.Y., Yi-NaRi; Lee-HanYong; Kim-SungTae; Kim- MinKyun; Park-JuHyun; Kim-JuKon; Lee-JonSeob; Cheong-JongJoo; Choi-YangDo., 2002. Generation of chlorsulfuron-resistant transgenic garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) by particle bombardment. Mol.-Breed., 9:171-181
Patel, J.C, Raghvani B.R, Khanpara V.D, Kavani H.D and Malavia D.D.1985. Comparative efficiency of herbicides for weed control in onion. Abstracts of papers, Ann. Conference Ind. Soc. Weed Sci., p. 21, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Patel, P.N. 1972. Bacterial diseases of plants in India. ICAR, New Delhi
Patel. B.G., Khanpara, V.D., Malavia, D.D., Maraviya R.B. and Kaneria B.B. 1996. Economic feasibility of drip irrigation in garlic. Ind.. J. Agron., 45:143-145
Pathak, C.S., Singh, D.P., Deshpande, A.A. and Sreedhar, T.S. 1986. Sources of resistance to pruple blotch in onion. Veg. Sci., 13:300-303
Pathak, C.S., Singh, D.P. and Deshpande, A.A. 1986. A new type of cytoplasmic male sterility in onion (Allium cepa L.). First All India Conference of Cytology and Genetics, Bangalore University, December 1986, Abst. pp. 13
Pawar, C.Y, U.S. Kadam, S.D. Gorantiwar and S.P. Pampattiwar, 1998. Efficacy of the micro sprinkler irrigation method for garlic. J. Mah. Agril. Univ. 23:156-159
Pena Iglesias, A. and Ayuso, P. 1982. Characterisation of Spanish garlic viruses and their elimination by in vitro shoot apex culture. Acta Hort., 127:183-193
Pike, L.M., Horn, R.S., Andersen, C.R., Leeper, P.W. and Miller, M.E. 1988a. ‘Texas Grano 1015Y’ a mild pungency, sweet, short day onion. HortSci., 23:634-635
Pike, L.M., Horn, R.S., Andersen, C.R., Leeper, P.W. and Miller, M.E. 1988b. ‘Texas Grano 1015Y’ a mild pungency, sweet, short day onion. HortSci., 23:636- 637
Qasem, J.R.1996. Weed competition in garlic (Allium sativum L.). J. Hortl. Sci.. 1996, 71:41-48
Rahman, M.A., Chiranjeevi, C.H. and Reddy, I.P. 2000. Management of leaf blight disease of onion. Proc. National Symposium on Onion Garlic Production and Post Harvest Management. Challenges and strategies, November 19-21, 2000, Nasik (India) pp. 147-149
Raina, B.L., Teotia, M.S., Pruthi, J.S. and Kalra, C.L. 1988. Studies on the evaluation of some new onion cultivars for their suitability for dehydration. Ind. Food Packer, 42:7-14
Rajasab A.H. and Rao. C.V. 1992. Aspergillu niger van Tiegh the causal organism of black mold of onion. J. of Aerobiol., pp.127-132
Rajendran, K. and Rangnathan, K. 1996. Biological control of basal rot (Furasium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) by combined application of fungal and bacterial antagonists. J. Biol. Control, 10:97-102
Raju, K.S. and Raj, R.B. 1980. Soft rot of onion in storage. Madras Agril. J., 67:194-195
Ramamoorthy K, Selvaraj K.V and Velayutham ,A.2000. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on bulb yield of small onion (Allium cepa L.). Madras Agri. J.. 86:140-141
Ramniwas, D.K., Singh, R.A. and Goutam.1998. A note on the effect of clove, planting distance and GA on the growth and yield of garlic. Orissa J. Horti., 26:72- 74
Rath, G.C. and Mohanty, G.N. 1986. Fusarium rot of stored garlic. Ind. Phytopath., 39:614-615
Ravi, K.S., Kitkaru, A.S., Winter, S. 2006. Iris yellow spot virus in onions: a new tospovirus record from India, Pl. Path., 55:288
Reddy, K.C and Reddy, K.M, 2005. Differential levels of vermicompost and nitrogen on growth and yield in onion (Allium cepa L.) radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cropping system. J. Res., ANGRAU. 33:11-17
Remiro, D. and Kirmati, H. 1975. Control of seven curls disease of onion with benomyl. Sum. Phytopathology, pp. 51-54
Resende, G.M-de, Chagas, S.J-de R, Pereira, L.V., 2003. Productive and qualitative characteristics of garlic cultivars. Horticultura-Brasileira, 21:686-689
Rosales-Longo, F.U, Molina-Monterroso, L.G., 2007. Genetic diversity of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown in Guatemala, revealed by DNA markers. Agronomia- Mesoamericana, 18: 85-92
Rumpel, K.S and Dysko, J. 2003.Effect of drip irrigation and fertilization timing and rate on yield of onion. J. Veg. Crop Prod., 9:65-73
Saha U.K, Khan, M.S.I, Haide J and Saha R.R., 1997. Yield and water use of onion under different irrigation schedules in Bangladesh. Jap. J. Trop. Agri., 41:268-274
Saimbhi, M.S. and Bal, S.S. 1996. Evaluation of different varieties of onion for dehydration. Punjab Veg. Grower, 31:45-46
Saimbhi, M.S. and Randhawa, K.S. 1982. Losses in white onion variety Punjab-48 under ordinary storage conditions as influenced by bulb size. J. Res. India, 19:188-190
Saimbhi, M.S., Padda, D.H. and Singh, G. 1970. Evaluation of onion varieties for dehydration traits. J. of Food Science & Tech., 8:149-150
Sankar, V and Lawande, K.E., 2009. Standardization of suitable planting material for successful cultivation of garlic. Spice India, 22:17-21
Sankar, V, Qureshi, A.A, Tripathi, P.C. and Lawande, K.E., 2005. Production Potential and Economics of Onion Based Cropping Systems under Western Maharashtra Region. Paper presented on National symposium on current trends in onion, garlic, chillies and seed spices– production, marketing and utilization, (SYMSAC-II), November 25-27, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Abstr. p 79
Sankar, V., Veeraragavathatham, D. and Kannan, M. 2009. Organic farming practices in white onion (Allium cepa L.) for the production of export quality bulbs. Journal of Ecofriendly Agriculture, 4:17-21
Sankar, V., Lawande, K.E. and Tripathi, P.C. 2008. Effect of micro-irrigation practices on growth and yield of garlic. J. Spices Arom. Crops. 17:232-234
Sankar, V., Tripathi, P.C., Qureshi, A. and Lawande, K.E. 2005. Fertigation studies in onion and garlic. National symposium on current trends in onion, garlic, chillies and seed spices– production, marketing and utilization, (SYMSAC-II) November 25-27, Rajgurunagar, Pune, (Abstr. pp. 62 & 80)
Sastry, K.S. 1980. Plant Virus and Mycoplasmal Diseases in India - A Bibiliography. Bharati Publ. Delhi, 270
Sawahel, W.A. 2002. Stable genetic transformation of garlic plants using particle bombardment. Cellular and molecular biology letters. 7:49-59.
Scott, S.J., McLeod, P.J., Montgomery, F.W. and Hander, C.A. 1989. Influence of reflective mulch on incidence of thrips (Thysanoptera : Thripidae : Phlaeothripidae) in stacked tomatoes. J. Entom. Sci., 24:422-427
Seabrook, J.E.A. 1993. In vitro propagation and bulb formation of garlic. Can. J. Pl. Sci., 74:155-158
Selvaraj, N, Natarajan, S, Selvarajan, V.M, Sudha Mathews and Pabitha. A. 2002. Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on the growth and yield of garlic. S. Ind. Hort., 50:159-168
Sen, B. and Srivastava, S.N. 1957. Utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility on production of hybrid onion seeds. In: Proc. 44 th Ind. Sci. Congress. pp. 225
Senula, A., Keller, E.R.J. and Leseman, D.E. 2000. Elimination of viruses through meristem culture and thermotherapy for the establishment of an in vitro collection of garlic (Allium sativum). ActaHort., 530:121-128
Sharangi, A.B, Pariari, A, Datta, S and Chatterjee, R .2003. Effect of boron and zinc on growth and yield of garlic in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. Crop Research, 25:83-85
Sharma, A.B, Patel, R.K and Tiwari, J.P. 1983. Chemical weed control in garlic. Ind. J. Weed Sci., 15:17-22
Sharma, I.M. 1997. Screening of onion varieties/lines against purple blotch caused by Alternaria porri under field conditions. Pl. Dis. Res., 12:60-61
Shashidhar, T.R., and Dharmatti, P.R. 2005. Genetic divergence studies in garlic. Karnataka J. Hort., 1:12-15
Shelton, A.M., Nault, B.A., Plate, J. and Zhao, J.Z. 2003. Regional and temporal variation in susceptibility to lambda cyclothrin in onion thrips in onion field of New York. J. Econ. Entomol., 96:1843-1848
Shinde, N.N and Sonatakke, M.B.1986. Onion, In: Bulb crops, Vegetable crops in India. (Bose, T.K. and Som. M.G. Eds), Naya Prokash, Calcuttas, pp. 544-592
Shock, C.C., Ishida, J.K., Eldredge, E.P. and Seddigh, M. 2000. Yield of yellow onion cultivars in eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. HortTech., 10:613-620
Shuaib O.S.B. 2001. Critical period for weed competition in onions (Allium ceapL.). J. Natural and Appl Sci., 5:355-360
Simon, P.W. and Jenderek, M.M. 2003. Flowering, seed production and the genesis of garlic breeding. Pl. Breed. Rev., 23:211-244
Simon, P.W. and Jenderek, M.M, 2004. Flowering, seed production, and the genesis of garlic breeding. Pl. Breed. Rev., 23:211-244
Singh, D.P and Singh, R.P.1974. Studies on the effect of time of sowing and age of seedlings on growth and yield of onion. Ind. J . Hort ., 31:69-73
Singh, B and Singh R.P.1990. Studies on chemical weeding in onion. Veg. Sci., 7:14-17
Singh, R., Nandal, T.R., Singh, R. 2002. Studies on weed management in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Ind. J. Weed Sci., 34:80-81
Singh, B. M. and Sharma, Y. R. 1977a. Rust on garlic. FAO Pl. Prot. Bull., 25:41-42
Singh, B.M. and Sharma, Y.R. 1977b. Occurrence of leaf blight of garlic caused by Stemphylium botryosum in India. Ind. Phytopath., 30:272-273
Singh, R.P. 2007a. New record of white leaf spot of onion. National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic News. 11:4
Singh, R.P. 2007b. New record of Curvularia spp. on onion. National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic News, 11:3
Singh, R.P. 2007c. Some uncommon diseases of onion: smudge. National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic News, 11:5
Singh, R.P. 2008. Black scurf of onion: A New Report. National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic News, 12:2
Singh, R.P. and Khar, A. 2007. First report of Embellisia alli from garlic. National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic News, 11:4
Singh, U.P. and Singh, R.B. 1984. Differential responses of host and non-host substrata on germination of ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 110:277-280
Sinha, B.B.P., Sinha, R.K.P., Asghar, S.M.A. and Singh, A.P. 1998. Perfect stage of Stemphylium vesicarium on garlic. J. Appl. Biol., 8:82-83
Sinha, R.K.P., Singh, A.P., Sinha, B.B.P. and Asghar, S.M.A. 1995. Stemphylium blight: a new fungal disease of garlic. J. Appl. Biol., 5:93
Srinivas P.S., Anil Khar, Aziz Qureshi, and K.E. Lawande 2007. Wild alliums as sources of resistance to Thrips tabaci. In. Proceedings of III National Symposium on Plant Protection in Horticulture: Emerging trends and challenges, 7-9 March 2007, IIHR, Bangalore
Srinivas, P.S. and Lawande, K.E. 2000a. Efficacy of certain botanicals in management of onion thrips. In. Proceedings of The National Symposium on onion -Garlic Production and Post-Harvest Management: Challenges and Strategies, November, 19-21, 2000, Nashik, p. 219
Srinivas, P.S. and Lawande, K.E. 2000b. Economics in management of onion thrips. In. Proceedings of The National Symposium on onion-Garlic Production and Post-Harvest Management Challenges and Strategies, November, 19-21, 2000, Nashik. p.219.
Srinivas, P.S. and Lawande K.E. 2004. Impact of planting dates on Thrips tabaci Lindeman infestation and yield loss in onion (Allium cepa L.). Pest Mgt. Hortl. Ecosyst, 10:11-18
Srinivas, P.S. and Lawande K.E. 2006. Maize barrier as a cultural method for management of thrips in onion (Allium cepa L.). Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 76:167-71
Srinivas P.S. and Lawande K.E.. 2007. Seedling root dip method for protecting onion plants from thrips. Ind. J. Pl. Protection, 35:206-209
Srinivas, P.S. and Lawande K.E. 2008. Growth stage susceptibility of onion (Allium cepa L.) and its role in thrips management. Ind. J. Agril. Sci, 78:98-101
Srinivas, P.S., Singh R.P. and Lawanda K.E. 2007. Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Onion and Garlic. Tech. Bull. No.17, National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic, Rajgurunagar, 410 505, Maharastra, India, pp 34
Srivasatva, M.P. 1978. Nursery protection in vegetables. Haryana Kheti, 19:9
Srivastava, R, Ankur Agarwal, Tiwari, R.S. and Santosh Kumar, 2005. Effect of micronutrients, zinc and boron on yield, quality and storability of garlic (Allium sativum). Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 75: 157-159
Srivastava, K.J. and Quadri, S.M.H. 1984. Some studies on damping-off disease of onion (Allium cepa L.). Ind. Bot., Reptr., 5:194
Srivastava, P.K. and Pandey, V.B. 1995. Compendium of onion diseases. Tech. Bull. No.7, NHRDF, Nasik, 26 pp
Srivastava, P.K., Sharma, R.C. and Gupta, R.P. 1995. Effect of different fungicides on the control of purple blotch and Stemphylium blight diseases in onion and seed crop. NHRDF Newsletter, 15:6-9
Srivastava, P.K., Tiwari, B.K., Srivastava, K.J. and Gupta, R.P. 1996. Chemical control of purple blotch and basal rot diseases in onion bulb crop during Kharif. NHRDF Newslett. Hortl. Found., 16:7-9
Storsberg, J., Schulz, H. and Keller, E.R.J. 2003. Chemotaxonomic classification of some Allium wild species on the basis of their volatile sulphur compounds. J. Appl. Bot., 77:160-162
Sugha, S.K., Develash, R.K. and Tyagi, R.D. 1992. Performance of onion genotypes against purple blotch pathogen. South Ind. Hort., 40:297
Sugha, S.K., Tyagi, P.D. and Develash, R.K. 1993. Effect of heat treatment of bulb and spray of fungicides in management of purple blotch (Alternaria porri) of onion (Allium cepa). Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 63:303-305
Suh, S.K. and Park, H.G. 1986. Studies on the anther culture of garlic (Allium sativum L.). 1: Callus formation and plant regeneration. J. Korean Soc. Hortl. Sci., 27:89-95
Suh, S.K. and Park, H.G., 1995. Plant regeneration from the culture of garlic root explants. J. Korean Soc. Hortl. Sci., 36:31-37
Suresha, B.A, Allolli T B, Patil M.G, Desai B.K and Hussain S.A. 2007. Yield and economics of chilli based intercropping system. Karnataka J. Agri. Sci., 20:807-809
Swamy, T.C.N. and Narayana, S.T.C. 1983. Tissue culture multiplication of chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.). Thesis Abstracts, 9:340-341
Swarup, J., Nagaroti, M.S. and Saksena, H.K. 1973. A new bacterial stalk rot of onion caused by Pseudomonas allicola in India. Ind. J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol., 3:187- 189
Swarup, V. 1990. Onion improvement in India. In: Proceedings of National Symposium on onion and garlic, NRCOG, Rajgurunagar, Pune, pp. 21-32
Tamil Selvan C, Valliappan K and Sundararajan R.1990.Studies on the weed control efficiency and residues of oxyfluorfen in onion (Allium cepa L.). Intl. J. Trop. Agri., 8:123-128
Tapia, V.M. 1991. Meristematic root tubercles: a new explant obtained by in vitro culture of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Agro Ciencia, 7:5-10
Thilakavathy, S. and N. Ramaswamy. 1998. Effect of inorganic and biofertilizer treatments on yield and quality parameters of multiplier onion. NHRDF Newslett. XVIII:18-22
Tizio, R. 1979. Garlic flowering in vitro. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences D, 289:401-404
Tommasini, M.G., Maini, S. and Nicoli, G. 1997. Advances in the integrated pest management in protected eggplant crops by seasonal inoculative releases of Orius laevigatus. Adv. Hortl. Sci., 11:182-188
Toor, RF-Van, Till, C.M., James, D.E. and Teulon, D.A.J. 2004. Evaluation of UV reflective mulches for protection against thrips (Thrips tabaci) in onion (Allium cepa) crops. New zealand Plant Protection, 57:209-213
Upadhyay, J. and Tripathi, K.C. 1995. Field evaluation of fungicides against purple blotch of onion seed crop. Rec. Hort., 2:153-155
Upmanyu, S. and Sharma, R.C. 2007. Seed yield loss in onion by purple blotch (Alternaria porri) and its management. Ind. Phytopath. 60:370-372
Van Heusden, AW., Van Ooijen, J.W., Vrielink van Ginkel, R, Verbeek, W.H.J., Wietsma W.A and Kik, C. 2000. A genetic map of an interspecific cross in Allium based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPTM) markers. Theor. Appl. Genet.,100:118-126
Vidal, B.C., Mello M.L.S, IIIg., Campos, R.D., Vidal, B., Campos, de DE. and Vidal, B. 1993. Chromosome number and DNA content in cells of a biotechnologically selected somaclone of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Revisita Brasileira de Genetica, 16:347-356
Vinay Singh, J, Bisen R.K, Agrawal H.P and Singh, V. 1997. A note on weed management in onion. Veg. Sci., 24:157-158
Volk, G.M., Henk, A.D. and Richards, C.M. 2004. Genetic diversity among U.S garlic clones as detected using AFLP methods. J. Am. Soc. Hortl. Sci., 129:559-569
Wang, H.L., Kang, Y.Q. and Zhang, C.J. 1994. Embryogenesis via culture of garlic sprout leaf. Acta Agri. Boreali Sinica, 9:92-94
Warade, S.D, Shinde, S.V. and Gaikwad, S.K.1996. Studies on periodical storage losses in onion. Allium News letter, 10:37-41
Warid, W.A. and Loaiza, J.M. 1996. Attributes of onion yield in twelve cultivars of short day onions. Onion Newslett. Tropics, 7:22-24
Warriach, K.M., Hussain, T., Talpur, M.A., Khuhro, I.U, Ahmad, M (ed.), Shakoori, A.R. 1994. In. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, Vol. 12, Twelfth Pakistan Congress of Zoology, Lahore, April, 1992. 1994:471-475
Xu, P., Yang, C., Qu, S. and Yang, C.Y. 2005. A preliminary study on genetic analysis and purity assessment of the garlic germplasm and seed bulbs by the “fingerprinting” technique. ActaHort., 688:29-33
Yang, F., Liu, S. and Wang, X. 2005. Effects of boron in soil on the physiological-biochemical characteristics, yield and quality of garlic. Sci.Agricultura Sinica. 38:1011-1016
Zewdie, Y. and Jenderek, M.M. 2005. Within and Between- family variability for important bulb and plant traits among sexually derived progenies of garlic. Hort. Sci., 40:1234-1236
Zheng, S.J., Khrustaleva, L., Henken, B., Sofiari, E., Jacobsen, E., Kik, C. and Krens, FA. 2001. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Allium cepa L.: The production of transgenic onions and shallots. Mol. Breed., 7:101-115
Zhila, E.D. 1981. Correlations between phenotypic traits in garlic of the bolting type. Tsitologiya-i-Genetika, 15:46-48
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 K E Lawande, Anil Khar, V Mahajan, P S Srinivas, V Sankar, R P Singh (Author)
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright. Articles published are made available as open access articles, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
This journal permits and encourages authors to share their submitted versions (preprints), accepted versions (postprints) and/or published versions (publisher versions) freely under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable.