Effect of photoperiod and chemical retardants on growth and flowering of pot mums (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v19i1.1474Keywords:
Chrysanthemum, growth retardants, photoperiod, pot plantAbstract
Potted plants of chrysanthemum varieties namely Arun Kumar and Sweta Singar, were exposed to 8 h light and 16 h darkness and natural photoperiod, and spayed with maleic hydrazide (1000 and 2000 ppm), cycocel (1500 and 3000 ppm) and control (distilled water) in factorial complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that controlled photoperiod of 8 h light and 16 h darkness was found significantly superior over natural photoperiod with regard to minimum internodal length (2.85 cm), days to floral bud initiation (98.88), maximum flowering duration (23.14 days), flowers plant-1 (189.50), flower diameter (2.72 cm), fresh weight of flower (1.16 g) and vase life (14.86 days). Among growth retardants, maleic hydrazide (2000 ppm) significantly recorded minimum plant height, maximum branches plant-1 (18.85), flowering duration (25.25 days), flower diameter (2.95 cm), flowers per plant-1 (194.90) and weight of flower (1.20 g), while, maleic hydrazide (1000 ppm) recorded minimum internodal length (2.65 cm) and maximum vase life (18.00 days). The cv. Arun Kumar under controlled photoperiod recorded minimum internodal length (2.38 cm) and early floral bud initiation (91.04 days), however, maleic hydrazide (2000 ppm) recorded maximum flower diameter (4.05 cm), fresh weight of flower (1.53 g) and vase life (18.50 days). cv. Arun Kumar under controlled photoperiod treated with CCC-3000 ppm showed the best performance in recording the maximum number of flowers plants-1 (138.00) during first fortnight of flowering.
Downloads
References
Cathey, H. M. (1964). Physiology of growth retarding chemicals. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 14, 27-302.
Cathey, H. M., & Stuart, N. W. (1961). Comparative growth retarding activity of Amo-1618, phosfon and CCC. Botanical Gazette, 123, 51-57.
Cathey, M. M. (1975). Comparative plant growth retarding activities of ancymidol with ACPC, phosfon, chlormequat and SADH on ornamental plant species. HortScience, 10(3), 204-216.
Dutta, J. P., Seemantini, R., & Khadre, M. A. (1998). Regulation of flowering in chrysanthemum cv. CO-1 by artificial photoperiod and gibberellic acid. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 11(1), 251-253.
Dutta, S. K., & Gupta, V. N. (2012). Year-round cultivation of garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) through photoperiodic response. Science & Culture, 78, 71-77.
Halvey, A. H., Dilley, D. R., & Wittwer, S. H. (1966). Senescence inhibition and respiration induced by growth retardants and N-benzylademine. Plant Physiology, 41, 1085-1089. doi: 10.1104/pp.41.7.1085
Klein, W. H., & Leopold, A. C. (1953). The effect of MH on flower initiation. Plant Physiology, 28, 273-278.
Leopold, A. C. & Klein, W. H. (1952). Maleic hydrazide as an antiauxin. Physiologia Plantarum, 5, 91-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1952.tb08233.x
Naylor, A. W. (1950). Observations on the effects of maleic hydrazide on flowering of tobacco, maize and cocklebur. Proceeding of National Academy of Science, 36, 230-232. doi:10.1073/pnas.36.4.230.
Naylor, A. W., & Davis, E. A. (1950). Maleic hydrazide as a plant growth inhibitor. Botanical Gazette, 112, 112-126.
Nxumalo, S. S., & Wahome, P. K. (2010). Effects of application of short days at different periods of the day on growth and flowering in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum). Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences, 6(2), 39-42.
Saikia, M., & Madhumita, C. T. (1997). Effect of B-9 and MH on the growth and flowering of pinched and un-pinched chrysanthemum. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 5(1/2), 16-19
Sen, S. K., & Maharana, T. (1971). Growth and flowering response of chrysanthemum to growth regulation. Punjab Horticulture Journal, 11, 274-277.
Singh, B. (2001). Studies of floral biology in gladiolus. Progressive Horticulture, 21, 131-134.
Singh, R., & Madhu, B. (2018). Effect of artificial short-day conditions on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(9), 3770-3777. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.466
Verma, A. K., Singh, M., & Shukla, S. (2014). Induced somatic mutagenesis and characterization of mutants in Chrysanthemum. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Neelofar, A A Lone , F U Khan , I T Nazki , Z A Rather, S A Samoon (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright. Articles published are made available as open access articles, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 
This journal permits and encourages authors to share their submitted versions (preprints), accepted versions (postprints) and/or published versions (publisher versions) freely under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable.
How to Cite
. 
