Limonene extraction from the zest of Citrus sinensis, Citrus limon, Vitis vinifera and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v16i2.840Keywords:
Anti-microbial citrus, hydro-distillation, limoneneAbstract
Citrus rinds contain essential oils. One of the major constituents of the essential oils in the zest of different fruits like Citrus sinensis, C. limon, and Vitis vinifera is limonene. In this research, limonene was extracted by hydro-distillation method using Clevenger set up and its antimicrobial activity against certain bacterial and fungal strains was determined by using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. The primary antimicrobial screening of limonene without dilution exhibited a zone of inhibition (mm) comparable to Ampicillin (20mg/ml) and Amphotericin B (20mg/ml). The effect of pure limonene against all strains used was high as compared to the isolated samples. The MIC values also showed an expected decrease in the zone of inhibition from 1:2 to 1:8 dilutions. Based on this study, the cost-effective isolation of limonene and other essential oils is quite possible.
Downloads
References
Akhtar, N., Choudhury, N., and Kumar, N. 2017a. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials of Artemisia Indica Collected from the Nepal Region. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(10), 1822–1826.
Akhtar, N., Choudhury, N., and Kumar, N. 2017b. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of Eclipta prostrata collected from the Nepal region. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 6(11), 4–7.
Asbahani, A. El, Miladi, K., Badri, W., Sala, M., Addi, E. H. A., Casabianca, H., Mousadik, A. El, Hartmann, D., Jilale, A., Renaud, F. N. R., Elaissari, A., and Lyon, C. B. 2015. Essential oils/ : From extraction to encapsulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 483(1–2), 220–243.
Atti-Santos, A., Rossato, M., Serafini, L., Cassel, E., and Moyna, P. 2005. Extraction of essential oils from lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 48(1), 155-160.
Bacanli, M., Başaran, A. A., and Başaran, N. 2015. The antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of citrus phenolics limonene and naringin. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 81,160-170.
Bhattacharya, I., Chakraborty, R., and Chowdhury, R. 2014. Intensification of Freeze-Drying Rate of Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2396 Using Tungsten Halogen Radiation: Optimization of Moisture Content and α-Amylase Activity. Drying Technology, 32(7), 801–812.
Bilal Ahmad, T., Asif, A. B., Atif Khurshid, wani, Masood, A. K., and Gulzar Ahmad, S. 2020. Preparation and Characterization of SnO2 Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Properties. Nanomaterial Chemistry and Technology, 2: 1–5.
Choudhury, N., Akhtar, N., and Kumar, N. 2017. Study on methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides for its ability to act as an antioxidant and to suppress the microbial growth. The Pharma Innovation Journal , 6(11), 170–173.
Erasto, P., and Viljoen, A. M. 2008. Limonene - a Review: Biosynthetic, Ecological and Pharmacological Relevance. Natural Product Communications, 3(7), 1934578X0800300728.
Espina, L., Gelaw, T. K., de Lamo-Castellví, S., Pagán, R., and García-Gonzalo, D. 2013. Mechanism of bacterial inactivation by (+)- limonene and its potential use in food preservation combined processes. PloS One, 8(2), e56769.
Gelb, M. H., Tamanoi, F., Yokoyama, K., Ghomashchi, F., Esson, K., and Gould, M. N. 1995. The inhibition of protein
prenyltransferases by oxygenated metabolites of limonene and perillyl alcohol. Cancer Letters, 91(2), 169–175.
Hamid, A., Aiyelaagbe, O., and Usman, L. 2011. Essential oils: Its medicinal and pharmacological uses. Int J Curr Res, 3(2), 86-98.
Karr, L. L. 1989. Toxic properties of d-limonene in insects and the earthworm Eisenia fetida. PhD Thesis. Iowa State University. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9057/
Lopez-sanchez, J. A., and Pagliaro, M. 2014. Limonene: a versatile chemical of the bioeconomy. Chemical Communications, 50(97), 15288–15296.
Lucchesi, M. E., Chemat, F., and Smadja, J. 2004. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs/ : comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of chromatography A, 1043, 323–327.
Mahato, N., Sharma, K., Sinha, M., and Cho, M. H. 2017. Citrus waste derived nutra-/ pharmaceuticals for health benefits: Current trends and future perspectives. Journal of Functional Foods, 40, 307-316.
Malko, M., and Wróblewska, A. 2016. The importance of R-(+)-limonene as the raw material for organic syntheses and for organic industry. CHEMIK, 70, 193–202.
Prates, H. T., Santos, J. P., Waquil, J. M., Fabris, J. D., Oliveira, A. B., Foster, J. E., Lagoas, S., and Horizonte, B. 1998. Insecticidal activity of monoterpenes against Rhyzopertha dominica ( F .) and Tribolium castaneum ( Herbst ). Journal of Stored Products Research, 34(4), 5–8.
Ramgopal, K., Sreekanteshwara, S., A, V. B. S., Vinodh, S. M., and Sesha, N. 2016. Extraction of essential oil D-Limonene from sweet orange peels by simple distillation. IOSR-journal of Applied Chemistry, 9(9), 16–17.
Sadgrove, N., and Jones, G. 2015. A contemporary introduction to essential oils: chemistry, bioactivity and prospects for Australian agriculture. Agriculture, 5(1), 48–102.
Shaw, P. E., and Moshonas, M. G. 1997. Quantification of Volatile Constituents in Orange Juice Drinks and It s Use for
Comparison with Pure Juices by Multivariate Analysis. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 30(5), 497–501.
Son, M., Yang, J., Cho, S., Lee, J., and Bin, O.H. 2018. GC – MS Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Limonene from Genetically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 39(12), 1368–1372.
Wang, L., and Weller, C. 2006. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends in Food Science Technology, 17(6), 300–312.
White, D. G., and Mcdermott, P. F. 2001. Biocides, drug resistance and microbial evolution. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 4(3), 313–317.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Atif Khurshid Wani, Rattandeep Singh, Tahir ul Gani Mir, Nahid Akhtar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright. Articles published are made available as open access articles, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 
This journal permits and encourages authors to share their submitted versions (preprints), accepted versions (postprints) and/or published versions (publisher versions) freely under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable.
How to Cite
. 
