Soil microbial community dynamics as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v16i1.1125Keywords:
Chemical fertilizers, Bio-fertilizers, Farm yard manure, Soil microbial community, Sweet basilAbstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on the microbial community dynamics of soils under sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during the Kharif season of 2015 and 2016. There were nine treatments replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. The results indicated that integrated application of FYM (10 t/ha) + 100% recommended N through FYM + bio-fertilizer i.e., T2 recorded the highest population of heterotrophic free-living N2 fixers (40.66 and 63.33 CFU ×103/ g), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (5.6 and 6.6 CFU ×103/ g) and fungal (6.4 and 5.33 CFU ×103/ g) while T9 with the application of NPK (160:80:80 kg /ha) + FYM (10 t/ha) recorded the highest population of actinomycetes (29.93 and 44.56 CFU ×103/ g) in the soil during 2015 and 2016, respectively. Application of recommended dose of FYM (10 t/ha) in T7 resulted in a reduction in the population of heterotrophic free-living N2 fixers (26.13 and 34 CFU ×103/ g) and actinomycetes (20 and 30.5 CFU ×103/ g) whereas, the application of a recommended dose of chemical fertilizer in T8 recorded the lowest population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (3.9 CFU ×103/ g) and fungal (3.6 and 2.5 CFU ×103/ g) during 2015 and 2016, respectively. The highest organic carbon (0.63 and 0.66 %) content in the post-harvest soil samples was recorded with the application of NPK (160:80:80 kg /ha) + FYM (10 t/ha) while, the lowest organic carbon value (0.52 and 0.53%) was recorded in T8 during 2015 and 2016, respectively. Application of recommended FYM (10 t/ha) along with recommended NPK (160:80:80 kg/ha) in T9 recorded maximum herbage yield in the main crop (41.59 and 38.31 t/ha) and ratoon (20.97 and 17.77 t/ha) during 2015 and 2016, respectively. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated that integrated nutrient management can maximize soil microbial community dynamics which is considered as the driving force behind regulating soil processes that support sustainable sweet basil cultivation.
References
Alexander, M., 1977. Introduction to soil microbiology, 2nd edition, Krieger Publishing ompany, USA.
Al-Mansour Baraa , Kalaivanan D. and Suryanarayana M.A., 2019. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient uptake and yield of French basil. Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries., 11(1):8-18.
Asieh, S., 2012. Studying the effects of chemical fertilizer and manure on growth rate and essence amount of (Ocimum basilicum L.). J. Eco. Environ., 18 (3): 517-520.
Bajracharya, R., 2011. Biological Characteristics of Soil. British Micro.Res.J., 1(1):11–25.
Baritaux, O., Richard, H., Touche, J. and Derbesy, M ., 1992. Effects of drying and storage of herbs and spices on the essential oil. Part I. Basil, Ocimum basilicum L. Flavour Fragr. J., 7: 267–271.
Bot, A. and Benites, J., 2005. The Importance of Soil Organic Matter: Key to Drought-Resistant Soiland sustained Food Production (Bulletin No. 5). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Ling, N., Sun, Y., Ma, J., Guo, J., Zhu, P., Peng, C., Yu, G., Ran, W., Guo, S., and Shen, Q. 2014. Response of the Bacterial Diversity and Soil Enzyme Activity in Particle-Size Fractions of Mollisol after Different Fertilization in a Long- Term Experiment. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50 (6): 901-911.
Saviozzi, A., Levi-Minzi, R., Cardelli, R., and Riffaldi, R., 2001. A comparison of soil quality in adjacent cultivated, forest and native grassland soils. Plant and Soil, 233(2): 251–259.
Deforest, J. L., Smemo, K. A., Burke, D. J., Elliott, H. L. and Becker, J. C., 2012. Soil microbial responses to elevated phosphorus and pH in acidic temperate deciduous forests. Biogeochemistry, 109: 189:202.
Elliot, L.F. and Lynch, J.M., 1995. The international workshop on establishment of microbial inocula in soils: cooperative research project on biological resource management of the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD). American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 10: 50-73.
EL-tarabily, K.A. and Sivasithamparam, K., 2006. Non-streptomyceteactinomycetes as biocontrol agents of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens and as plant growth promoters. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 1505-1520.
Franchini, J.C., 2007. Microbiological parameters as indicators of soil quality under various soil management and crop rotation systems in southern Brazil. Soil Res., 92(1): 18-29.
Gundale, M. J., 2005. Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: Effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Forest Eco. Manag., 213 (1): 25-38.
Halvorson, A.D., Wienhold, B.J. and Black, A.L., 2002. Tillage, nitrogen, and cropping system effects on soil carbon sequestration. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 66: 906–912.
Jackson, M, L, 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p. 498.
Joy, P.P., Savithri, K.E., Mathew, S., Thomas, J. and Kurien, K., 2005, Effect of sole and combined application of FYM and fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of black musli (Curculigo orchioides G.). J. Med. Aromat. Plant Sci., 27(3): 684-692.
Koopmans, C.J. and Smeding, F.W., 2008. A conceptual framework for soil management and its effect on soil biodiversity in organic and low input farming. 16th IFOAM organic world congress, cultivating the future based on science, Organic Crop Production, 1:66-69.
Kothari, S.K., Singh, C.P. and Kumar, Y., 2005, Growth and yield of Spilanthus acmella (Syn. Spilanthes mauritian) roots and its cultivation economics as influenced by Nitrogen and phosphorous application under semi and tropics. J. Med. Arom. Plants Sci., 27(2):283-286.
Krishnakumar, S., Saravanan, A., Natarajan, S.K., Veerabadran, V. and Mani, S., 2005, Microbial population and enzymatic activity as influenced by organic farming. Research J. Agri. Biol. Sciences, 1(1): 85-88.
Lalfakzuala, R., Kayang, H. and Dkhar, M. S., 2008. The effects of fertilizers on soil microbial components and chemical properties under leguminous cultivation. Am-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 3 (3): 314-324.
Lou, Y., Wang, J. and Liang, W., 2011. Impacts of 22- year organic and inorganic N managements on soil organic C fractions in a maize field, northeast China. Catena, 87: 386–390.
Mbonigaba, M. J. J., 2007 . Etude de l’impact des composts a base de biomass vegetal sur ladyna mique des indicate urs physic chimiques, s et micro biologiques de la fertilite des ols: Application sur trios sols acides tropicaux du Rwanda. Ph.D. Thesis, FUSAGx, Gembloux.
Mccarthy, A.J. and Williams, S.T., 1992. Actinomycetes as agents of biodegradation in the environment - a review. Gene. 115: 189-192.
Mishra, M.M. and Banger, K.C., 1985, Phosphocompost as a phosphorus source in neutral and alkaline soils. Soil Biology: Proc. Soil Biol. Symp. Eds. Mishra, M.M. and Kapoor, K.K., Haryana Agric. Univ. Hisar, India. P.139-147.
Mohammad, K., Mohsen, J. and Forough, D., 2014. The effects of organic and chemical fertilizer s on yield and essential oil percentage of vegetative parts of (Ocimum basilicum L.). 59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natura l Product Research, p. 363-372
Palada M., Davis A., Crossman, C and Chichester, E. A., 2002. Sustainable crop management practices for improving production of culinary herbs in the Virgin Islands. In XXVI International Horticultural Congress: The Future for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 629: 289- 298.
Pansombat, K., Kanazawa, S. and Horiguchi, T., 1997. Microbial ecology in tea soils I. Soils properties and microbial populations. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 43: 317-327.
Pinitpaitoon, S., Suwanarit, A. and Bell, R. W., 2011. A framework for determining the efficient combination of organic materials and mineral fertilizer applied in maize cropping. Field Crops Res., 124 (3): 302–315.
Rajendran, A. and Gnanavel, I., 2008, Effect of organic manures and spacing on Aloe vera L. J. Med. Arom. Plants Sci., 30:40-42.
Ravikumar, M., Venkatesha, J., Niranjana, K. S. and Gurumurthy, B. R., 2012, Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Tuber Yield and Quality and Nutrient Uptake in Coleus forskohlii. J. Root Crops, 38 (2): 142-146.
Song, Y.N., Zhang, F.S., Marschner, P., Fan, F.L., Gao, H.M., Bao, X.G., Sun, J.H. and L.I., 2007. Effect of intercropping on crop yield and chemical and microbiological properties in rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43: 565- 574.
Su, Y.Z., Wang, F., Suo, D.R., Zhang, Z.H. and Du, M.W., 2006, Long-term effect of fertilizer and manure application on soil-carbon sequestration and soil fertility under the wheat–wheat– maize cropping system in northwest China.
Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 75: 285–295. 35.
Vanlauwe, B. and Giller, K., 2006. Popular myths around soil fertility management in sub-Saharan Africa. Agri. Eco. Envi., 116(2): 34–46.
Vassilev, N., Massimmiliano, F. and Federico, F., 1996. Rock phosphate solubilization with gluconic acid produced by immobilized Penicillium variable P16. Biotech. Tech., 10: 585-88.
Venkateswarlu, B. and Srinivasa Rao, C.H., 2000. Soil microbial diversity and the impact of agricultural practices. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agr iculture, Santoshnagar, India.
Wang, W., Niu, J., Zhou, X. and Wang, Y., 2011. Long-term change in land management from subtropical wetland to paddy field shifts soil microbial community structure as determined by PLFA and T-RFLP. Pol J Eco., 59: 37–44.
Watson, C. A., Atkinson, D., Gosling, P., Jackson, L. R. and Rayns, F. W., 2002. Managing soil fertility in organic farming systems. Soil Use Manag., 18: 239–24.
Watts, D. B., Allen, T. H., Feng, Y. and Prior, S. A., 2010, Soil microbial community dynamics as influenced by composted dairy manure, soil properties, and landscape position. Soil Science, 175: 474-486.
Yang, X., Li, P., Zhang, S., Sun, B. and Xinping, C., 2011, Long-term-fertilization effects on soil organic carbon, physical properties, and wheat yield of a loess soil. J. Plant Nutri. Soil Sci., 174 (5): 775–784.
Yu, H., Ding, W., Luo, J., Geng, R. and Cai, Z., 2012, Long-term application of organic manure and mineral fertilizers on aggregation and aggregate-associated carbon in a sandy loam soil. Soil Tillage Res., 124(1):170–177.
Zeinab, S., 2005, Physiological Studies on Basil Plant. (Ph.D.Thesis) submitt ed to the graduate division of the University of almansoura, Cairo.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Baraa AL-Mansour, D Kalaivanan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright. Articles published are made available as open access articles, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 
This journal permits and encourages authors to share their submitted versions (preprints), accepted versions (postprints) and/or published versions (publisher versions) freely under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable.
How to Cite
. 
