Responses of different okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivars to water deficit conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v16i1.1099Keywords:
Drought, Okra, Oxidative Stress, Proline contentAbstract
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of drought on different okra cultivars and to identify the most suitable okra cultivar for growing in drought conditions. Five okra cultivars namely Pusa Green, Clemson, Sabz Pari, Pusa Swani and Mehak Pari were subjected to three drought levels i.e., control (100% Field capacity),50% and 25% Field Capacity (FC). Physiological parameters like fresh and dry weight of plant and plant height were recorded along with biochemical attributes such as chlorophyll content (a, b, total) carotenoids, total protein, proline content, and Membrane stability index (MSI%). Results showed that drought significantly reduced all the studied parameters and at maximum drought (25% FC) lowest values of fresh weight (12.42g), dry weight (1.22g), plant height (7.86cm), chlorophyll a (9.02mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (18.69mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (27.71mg/g FW), carotenoids (11.80mg/g FW), total protein (2.73mg/g FW),whereas maximum Proline (21.36μg/g FW), and MSI (72%) were observed under the same drought. The results concerning responses of okra cultivars under drought conditions showed that maximum. Fresh weight (15.25g) and Dry weight (2.74g) was observed in Pusa green while maximum Plant height (13.77cm), Chlorophyll a (14.38mg/g FW), Chlorophyll b (24.41mg/g FW), Total Chlorophyll (38.80mg/g FW), Carotenoids (18.57mg/g FW), Total Protein (5.44mg/g FW), Proline (27.78μg/g FW), and MSI (56.33%) were produced by Sabz Pari. Hence it can be concluded that drought causes significant variation on physical and biochemical attributes of okra whereas Sabz Pari showed resistance towards the applied stress and produced better results.
References
Ahmad, I., Kamran, M., Meng, X., Ali, S., Bilegjargal, B., Cai, T., Liu, T. and Han, Q. 2019. Effects of plant growth regulators on seed filling, endogenous hormone contents and maize production in semiarid regions. J. Plant Growth
Regulation, 38(4):1467-1480.
Altaf, R., Hussain, K., Maryam, U., Nawaz, K. and Siddiqi, E.H. 2015. Effect of different levels of drought on growth, morphology and photosynthetic pigments of lady finger (Abelmoschus esculentus). World J. Agri. Sci, 11:198-201.
Amin, B., Mahleghah, G., Mahmood, H.M.R. and Hossein, M., 2009. Evaluation of interaction effect of drought stress with ascorbate and salicylic acid on some of physiological and biochemical parameters in okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.). Res. J. Biol. Sci, 4:380-387.
Ayub, Q., Khan, S.M., Hussain, A.K.I., Ahmad, Z. and Khan, M.A., 2018. Effect of gibberellic acid and potassium silicate on physiological growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under salinity stress. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 7(1):8-19.
Bates LS, Waldeen RP, Teare ID. 1973. Rapid determination of free water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39:205-207
Dąbrowski, P., Baczewska-Dąbrowska, A.H., Kalaji, H.M., Goltsev, V., Paunov, M., Rapacz, M., Wójcik-Jagła, M., Pawluśkiewicz, B., Bąba, W. and Brestic, M., 2019. Exploration of chlorophyll a fluorescence and plant gas exchange parameters as indicators of drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass. Sensors, 19(12):2736.
Dawood, M.G., El-Awadi, M.E.S., Sadak, M.S. and El-Lethy, S.R., 2019. Research Article Comparison Between the Physiological Role of Carrot Root Extract and β-carotene in Inducing Helianthus annuus L. Drought Tolerance Asian
J. Biol. Sci., 12 (2):231-241.
Guo, Y.Y., Yu, H.Y., Yang, M.M., Kong, D.S. and Zhang, Y.J. 2018. Effect of drought stress on lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves and roots of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seedling. Russian J. Plant Physiol., 65(2), pp.244-250.
Hussain, H.A., Men, S., Hussain, S., Chen, Y., Ali, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, K., Li, Y., Xu, Q., Liao, C. and Wang, L. 2019. Interactive effects of drought and heat stresses on morphophysiological attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and oxidative status in maize hybrids. Scientific reports, 9(1):1-12.
Idrees, M., Khan, M.M.A., Aftab, T., Naeem, M. and Hashmi, N., 2010. Salicylic acid-induced physiological and biochemical changes in lemongrass varieties under water stress. Journal of Plant Interactions, 5(4): 293-
Jafarnia, S., Akbarinia, M., Hosseinpour, B., ModarresSanavi, S.A.M. and Salami, S.A. 2018. Effect of drought stress on some growth, morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of two different populations of Quercusbrantii. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 11(2):212.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M.W, Somasundaram, R. and Panneerselvam, R. 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 11: 100–105
Kabiri, R., Nasibi, F. and Farahbakhsh, H. 2014. Effect of exogenous salicylic acid on some physiological parameters and alleviation of drought stress in Nigella sativa plant under hydroponic culture. Plant Protection Science, 50(1):43-51.
Khan, M.A. and Rab, A. 2019. Plant spacing affects the growth and seed production of okra varieties. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 35(3):751-756.
Khan, M.N., Zhang, J., Luo, T., Liu, J., Ni, F., Rizwan, M., Fahad, S. and Hu, L. 2019. Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of tolerant and sensitive rapeseed cultivars to drought stress during early seedling
growth stage. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41(2):25.
Kiani, S.P., Maury, P., Sarrafi, A. and Grieu, P. . 2008. QTL analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plant Sci., 175: 565–573
Kusvuran, S. 2012. Influence of drought stress on growth, ion accumulation and antioxidative enzymes in okra genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14(3)401-406.
Lichtenther, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoides: Pigments of photosynthesis. Methods in Enzymology. INRA, EDP Sci, 57:245-250.
Lintunen, A., Paljakka, T., Salmon, Y., Dewar, R., Riikonen, A. and Hölttä, T. 2020. The influence of soil temperature and water content on belowground hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange in mature trees of three boreal
species. Plant, Cell & Environment, 43(3):532-547.
Lowry OH, Rusenbrough NJ, Far AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin’s reagent. J Biol Chem. 193:265-266.
Massacci, A., Nabiev, S.M., Pietrosanti, L., Nematov, S.K., Chernikova, T.N., Thor, K. and Leipner, J. 2008. Response of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to the onset of drought stress under field conditions studied by gas-exchange analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 46:189– 195
Meena, K.K., Sorty, A.M., Bitla, U.M., Choudhary, K., Gupta, P., Pareek, A., Singh, D.P., Prabha, R., Sahu, P.K., Gupta, V.K. and Singh, H.B. 2017. Abiotic stress responses and microbemediated mitigation in plants: the omics strategies. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8:172.
Meise, P., Seddig, S., Uptmoor, R., Ordon, F. and Schum, A. 2018. Impact of nitrogen supply on leaf water relations and physiological traits in a set of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars under drought stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 204(4), pp.359-374.
Mounir, S., Ghandour, A., Téllez-Pérez, C., Aly, A.A., Mujumdar, A.S. and Allaf, K. 2020. Phytochemicals, chlorophyll pigments, antioxidant activity, relative expansion ratio, and microstructure of dried okra pods: swelldrying
by instant controlled pressure drop versus conventional shade drying. Drying Technology, 10.1080/07373937.2020.1756843
Munir, M., Amjad, M., Ziaf, K. and Ahmad, A. 2016. Improving okra productivity by mitigating drought through foliar application of salicylic acid.Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(4):879-886.
Nawaz, A., Ali, H., Sufyan, M., Gogi, M.D., Arif, M.J., Ali, A., Qasim, M., Islam, W., Ali, N., Bodla, I. and Zaynab, M. 2020. In-vitro assessment of food consumption, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.), on okra crop. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 23(1):60-66.
Oraee, A. and Tehranifar, A. 2020. Evaluating the potential drought tolerance of pansy through its physiological and biochemical responses to drought and recovery periods. Scientia Horticulturae, 265:109225.
Peiró, R., Jiménez, C., Perpiñà, G., Soler, J.X. and Gisbert, C. 2020. Evaluation of the genetic diversity and root architecture under osmotic stress of common grapevine rootstocks and clones. Scientia Horticulturae, 266:109283.
Plazas, M., Nguyen, H.T., González-Orenga, S., Fita, A., Vicente, O., Prohens, J. and Boscaiu, M. 2019. Comparative analysis of the responses to water stress in eggplant (Solanum melongena) cultivars. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 143:72-82.
Premachandra, G.S., Saneoka, H., Kanaya, M. and Ogata, S., 1991. Cell membrane stability and leaf surface wax content as affected by increasing water deficits in maize. Journal of Experimental Botany, 42(2):167-171.
Qu, X., Wang, H., Chen, M., Liao, J., Yuan, J. and Niu, G., 2019. Drought stress–induced physiological and metabolic changes in leaves of two oil tea cultivars. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 144(6):439-447.
Ram, A., Verma, P. and Gadi, B.R. 2014. Effect of fluoride and salicylic acid on seedling growth and biochemical parameters of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Fluoride, 47(1):49-55.
Rokhzadi, A. 2014. Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to exogenous salicylic acid and ascorbic acid under vegetative and reproductive drought stress conditions. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 87:80-86
Sakhabutdinova, A.R., Fatkhutdinova, D.R., Bezrukova, M.V. and Shakirova, F.M. 2003. Salicylic acid prevents the damaging action of stress factors on wheat plants. Bulg J Plant Physiol, 21:314-319.
Singh, A., Kumar, A., Yadav, S. and Singh, I.K. 2019. Reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling during abiotic stress. Plant Gene, 18:100173.
Singh, B. and Usha, K., 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 39(2):137-141.
Stanley, L. and Yuan, Y.W., 2019. Transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants: So many regulators, so little consensus. Frontiers in plant science, 10, p.1017.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H., 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., p.481.
Tahkokorpi, M., K. Taulavuori, K. Laine and E. Taulavuori, 2007. Aftereffects of droughtrelated winter stress in previous and current year stems of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Environ. Exp. Bot., 61: 85–93
Tanveer, M., Shahzad, B., Sharma, A. and Khan, E.A. 2019. 24-Epibrassinolide application in plants: An implication for improving drought stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 135:295-303.
Trueba, S., Pan, R., Scoffoni, C., John, G.P., Davis, S.D. and Sack, L. 2019. Thresholds for leaf damage due to dehydration: declines of hydraulic function, stomatal conductance and cellular integrity precede those for
photochemistry. New Phytologist, 223(1):134-149.
Wilcox, L.V. 1951. A method for calculating the saturation percentage from the weight of a known volume of saturated soil paste. Soil Science, 72(3):233-238
Zhang, L., Peng, J., Chen, T.T., Zhao, X.H., Zhang, S.P., Liu, S.D., Dong, H.L., Feng, L. and Yu, S.X. 2014. Effect of drought stress on lipid peroxidation and proline content in cotton roots. J. Anim. Plant Sci, 24(6):1729-1736.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Q Ayub, S M Khan, I Hussain, K Naveed, S Ali, A Mehmood, M J Khan, N U Haq, Q Shehzad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright. Articles published are made available as open access articles, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 
This journal permits and encourages authors to share their submitted versions (preprints), accepted versions (postprints) and/or published versions (publisher versions) freely under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable.
How to Cite
. 
